Object-Oriented Programming

Python supports object-oriented programming with classes, instances, attributes, and methods.

Inheritance allows creating hierarchies of classes that share behavior and can override methods.

Magic methods define behavior for operators and built-in functions, enabling custom objects to work seamlessly with Python.

Abstract Base Classes (ABCs) define interfaces that subclasses must implement. Protocols provide duck typing support.

Composition allows building complex objects from simpler ones, promoting code reuse and flexibility.

Descriptors control attribute access. Properties are a special case providing getter/setter/deleter functionality.

Metaclasses define the behavior of classes themselves. They can intercept class creation and modify it.

Context managers handle setup and cleanup using the 'with' statement.

Common design patterns implemented in Python.

Important guidelines for writing clean, maintainable object-oriented Python code.